In this paper, a series of titanium aluminum carbon ceramic composites were prepared by spark plasma rapid sintering technology, and then the phase structure, micro morphology, wear ratio and hardness of the samples were characterized and analyzed by thermogravimetric analyzer, X-ray diffractometer, electronic scanning electron microscope, solid density meter, wear ratio tester and Vickers hardness tester. The main research content includes the following four aspects: (1) When the cBN content range is 10⁴0wt%, as the cBN content decreases, the density and hardness of the synthesized composite materials increase.

In the sintering temperature range of 1200¹300 ℃, increasing the sintering temperature results in an increase in the relative density and hardness of the composite material. The microstructure diagram shows that the cBN crystal is intact and exists in the matrix in a mosaic manner; At a sintering temperature of 1400 ℃, cBN intensifies softening and thicker transition layers (AlN and TiB2) are formed on the grain surface. Excessive thickness of the transition layer will reduce the mechanical properties of the composite material; When the temperature is increased to 1500 ℃, the density and hardness of the composite material decrease. The microstructure diagram shows that cBN particles are severely corroded by titanium aluminum carbon and undergo fragmentation, leading to a deterioration of the mechanical properties of the composite material. When the cBN content is 10wt%, the composite material has excellent mechanical properties under the temperature range of 1200¹300 ℃ and pressure of 30MPa. The density is as high as 4.33g/cm3, the hardness is as high as 3000HV1, and the wear ratio is 4.8.

(2) Under the sintering temperature of 1200 ℃ and pressure of 30MPa, when the diamond content is 50⁶0wt%, the high diamond content leads to a large number of voids in the composite material, which in turn leads to a decrease in the density and hardness of the composite material. When the diamond content is 30wt% and 40wt%, the composite material has higher density and hardness, and the degree of graphitization is lower. Increasing the sintering temperature to 1400 ℃, it is found that a thick graphite layer appears on the surface of the diamond particles, and the diffraction peak of the diamond is weakened, and the graphite diffraction peak is significantly strengthened.

When the temperature is raised to 1500 ℃, the diamond diffraction peak disappears, and the graphite diffraction peak is the strongest. In the microscopic morphology, the diamond loses its regular crystal shape, and the hardness and density of the composite material decrease to the lowest. Under the sintering temperature of 1100¹200 ℃ and pressure of 30MPa, when the diamond content is 40wt%, the diamond graphitization degree in the prepared sample is low and the crystal shape is complete. The diamond particles are completely coated, the sample density is about 3.73g/cm3, and the wear ratio is as high as 1550.

(3) After mixing titanium diboride and titanium aluminum carbon micro powder evenly, a titanium diboride/titanium aluminum carbon ceramic composite material was prepared under sintering temperature range of 1200¹600 ℃ and pressure of 30⁷0MPa. The results showed that under the pressure of 30MPa, when the content of titanium diboride was 70⁹0wt%, there were many voids in the microstructure of the ceramic composite material, with a low density and a hardness lower than 670HV1; When the content of titanium diboride added is 60wt%, the number of voids in the microstructure of the composite material prepared at a sintering temperature of 1200 ℃ decreases and the void diameter decreases, with a hardness of up to 1070HV1; When the sintering temperature is 1600 ℃, the voids in the microstructure of the composite material 60TiB2 disappear, with a density of up to 4.39g/cm3, a hardness of about 2300HV1, and a wear ratio of about 1.1.

(4) Aluminum oxide/titanium aluminum carbon ceramic composites were prepared using aluminum oxide and titanium aluminum carbon micro powder as raw materials. The results showed that reducing the content of Al₂O₃resulted in an increase in the density of the composite material. When the density of the composite material is less than 3.84g/cm3, the samples exhibit low hardness and poor microstructure density; When the content of Al₂O₃is 60wt%, high density and hardness can be obtained at a low temperature of 1100 ℃. The microstructure of the composite material 60Al₂O₃is dense, but there are still trace voids; When the sintering temperature is increased to 1400 ℃ and 50MPa, the density of the microstructure of the composite 60Al₂O₃is increased, the voids disappear, the titanium aluminum carbon is completely decomposed into Titanium carbide, and aluminum oxide is embedded in the Titanium carbide matrix, so that the composite 60Al₂O₃has high hardness, density and wear ratio, the density is about 4.45g/cm3, the hardness is about 1800HV1, and the wear ratio is up to 0.95.