Product Name: Titanium Nitride (TiN) 
Specification: 0.8-10um (D50) 
Appearance: Irregular 
Color: Yellow brown or black 
Features: high hardness, good chemical stability, wear resistance, heat and oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, good electrical conductivity and resistance performance 
Usage: Coating for cutting tools and grinding tools, ceramic materials, metal preparation, electronic materials, laboratory materials, wear-resistant coatings, optical materials, medical materials, aerospace, military, medical devices, microelectronics, battery field, bioelectronic electrodes, etc

Name: Titanium Nitride 
Appearance: The powder is generally yellow brown, ultra-fine titanium nitride powder is black, and titanium nitride crystals are yellow with a metallic luster. 
Melting point: 2930 ℃ 
Density: 5.43-5.44g/cm3 
Microhardness: 2160kg/mm2 
Mohs hardness: 8-9 
Thermal expansion coefficient: 6.81 * 10-6/℃ (room temperature) 
Thermal conductivity: 29.31W/(m * K) (room temperature) 
Electrical resistivity: 22 * 10-6 Ω* cm (room temperature) 
Molecular weight: 61.89 
Chemical properties: Titanium nitride has high chemical stability. In general, it does not interact with water, water vapor, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, etc., but has a certain solubility in hydrofluoric acid. If hydrofluoric acid coexists with oxidants such as HF+HNO3, HF+KMnO4, etc., titanium nitride can be completely dissolved. In a strong alkaline solution, titanium nitride decomposes and releases ammonia gas. 
TiN has a typical NaCl type structure and belongs to a face centered cubic lattice. The top of the face centered cubic lattice is a nitrogen atom, and the titanium atom is located at the (1/2,0,0) spatial position of the face centered cubic lattice. TiN is a non stoichiometric compound with a stable composition range of TiN0.6~TiN1.16. The nitrogen content can vary within a certain range without causing any structural changes in TiN. TiN powder generally appears yellow brown, ultrafine TiN powder appears black, and TiN crystals appear golden yellow. The lattice constant of TiN is a=4.23 nm, the lattice constant of TiC is a=4.238 nm, and the lattice constant of TiO is a=4.15 nm. These three substances have very similar lattice parameters, so the nitrogen atoms in TiN molecules can be replaced by oxygen and carbon atoms in any ratio to form a solid solution. The physical and chemical properties of titanium nitride are determined by the nitrogen content. When the nitrogen content decreases, the lattice parameters of titanium nitride actually increase, and the hardness also increases microscopically, but the seismic resistance of titanium nitride decreases accordingly. 
Synthesis method: 
(1) Metal titanium powder or TiH2 direct nitriding method 
Nitriding of titanium powder in a nitrogen or hydrogen atmosphere at 1273-1673K for 1-4 hours, followed by product pulverization, can be repeated several times to obtain stoichiometric titanium nitride powder. The equation is: 
2Ti+N2=2TiN 
Metal hydride TiH2 can also be used for nitridation, which can react below 1273K. The equation is: 
2TiH2+N2=2TiN+2H2 
The advantage of this method is that it is easy to operate and can obtain high-quality titanium nitride powder, but the disadvantage is that the raw material price is too high to produce in bulk, and this process is prone to powder sintering, resulting in losses. 
(2) TiO2 carbon thermal reduction nitridation method 
The carbon thermal reduction nitridation method of TiO2 uses TiO2 as the raw material, carbonaceous graphite as the reducing agent, and reacts with N2 to generate TiN. The synthesis temperature is 1380-1800 ℃ and the reaction time is about 15 hours. In this reaction environment, carbon not only reacts with oxygen, but also reacts with titanium to form TiC, because the lattices of titanium carbide, titanium nitride, and titanium oxide are very close, and the three are prone to form a solid solution. 
The TiN obtained by this method generally has low purity and high O and C content. In order to obtain TiN with low O and C content, higher reaction temperature and longer reaction time are required. 
In addition, some experts also adopt another method, which is to mix magnesium powder and titanium oxide in a certain proportion at a lower temperature to produce titanium nitride. 
(3) Microwave carbon thermal reduction method 
The microwave carbon thermal reduction method is an oxidation-reduction reaction carried out at higher temperatures using inorganic carbon as a reducing agent. Liu Binghai and others in China used this method to prepare titanium nitride powder. The specific operation is as follows: using titanium oxide as raw material, microwave heat carbon until the temperature reaches 1200 ℃, and maintain the reduction reaction at this temperature for 1 hour to obtain titanium nitride powder. 
The titanium nitride powder produced by this method has higher purity compared to conventional methods, and has the advantages of lower synthesis temperature (100-200 ℃ lower than before) and shorter cycle (1/15 of conventional methods). 
(4) Chemical vapor deposition method 
The chemical vapor deposition method uses gaseous TiCl4 as the raw material, H2 as the reducing agent, and N2 to form TiN, with a synthesis temperature of 1100~1500 ℃. This process is commonly used for coatings on metal and ceramic surfaces to enhance the hardness and wear resistance of ceramics and metals. 
This synthesized TiN has high purity, but low production efficiency and high cost. This process is a common method of coating TiN thin film on the surface of metal, ceramic and other objects to make them beautiful 
(5) Self propagating high-temperature synthesis method 
Self propagating high-temperature synthesis method, also known as combustion synthesis method. This method involves directly igniting titanium powder (in the form of a billet) in nitrogen gas (limited to a certain pressure), and the titanium powder is burned in nitrogen gas to obtain TiN products. This process has been widely researched and commercialized in Russia, the United States, and Japan. 
Domestic research in this area has reported that Wang Weimin et al. used this process to prepare TiN ceramic powder and studied the effects of process parameters such as green density, diluent, and nitrogen partial pressure on synthesis. Liu Suying and others have also conducted research on this process. 
(6) Mechanical alloying method 
Mechanical alloying method is a new synthesis method that involves placing titanium powder in an ammonia or nitrogen system and using a high-energy ball mill to allow them to interact with each other under strong collision and agitation of the grinding ball to obtain nano titanium nitride. In China, Liu Zhijian et al. used TiH1.924 powder instead of Ti powder to react with nitrogen gas. Using this high-energy ball milling process, after 100 hours of high-energy ball milling in flowing ammonia gas, almost all TiH1.924 was converted to TiN, and the conversion rate was greatly improved. And Zhou Li and others later prepared nano titanium nitride powder using the same method, with a reaction time of only 9 hours. 
(7) Molten salt synthesis method 
There are no relevant reports on the use of molten salt synthesis method in the preparation of titanium nitride, but studying this method for the preparation of titanium nitride is a good research direction. This method uses low melting point molten salt as the reaction medium, and the reactants can dissolve in the molten salt. The entire reaction is completed in an atomic level environment. After the reaction is completed, the salt can be dissolved in a suitable solvent and filtered to obtain the product. 
The product obtained by this method has high purity, simple operation, short reaction time, and no strict requirements for reaction temperature. The morphology and particle size of the product are easy to control, and there is no agglomeration phenomenon. 
(8) Sol gel method 
The sol gel method is to mix the reactants evenly in the liquid phase, and then carry out the hydrolysis and condensation process. The reactants will form a transparent sol in the solution. This sol will form a gel after aging and slow polymerization. The gel will be dried and solidified to get the materials we need. 
Application areas: 
(1) Titanium nitride has high biocompatibility and can be applied in clinical medicine and dentistry. This material is non-toxic and complies with FDA regulations, therefore it is also commonly used in medical devices, such as maintaining the sharpness of surgical blade and orthopedic bone saw blade edges, or directly used as implants (especially hip replacement implants) and other medical implants. 
(2) Titanium nitride has a low friction coefficient and can be used as a high-temperature lubricant. This coating is also used in aerospace and military applications, as well as to protect the sliding surfaces of suspension devices for bicycles and motorcycles, and even the shock absorption shafts of remote-controlled toy cars. 
(3) Titanium nitride has a metallic luster and can be used as a simulated golden decorative material, with good application prospects in the gold substitute decoration industry; Titanium nitride can also be used as a gold coating in the jewelry industry; It can serve as a potential material to replace WC, significantly reducing the application cost of the material. 
(4) It has super hardness and wear resistance, which can be used to develop new types of cutting tools. This new type of cutting tool has significantly improved durability and service life compared to ordinary hard alloy cutting tools. Titanium nitride coatings are widely used on metal edges to maintain the corrosion resistance of mechanical molds, such as drill bits and milling cutters, often improving their lifespan by increasing three or more factors. 
(5) Titanium nitride is a new type of multifunctional ceramic material. Adding a certain amount of titanium nitride to TiC Mo Ni series metal ceramics can significantly refine the hard phase grains, thereby improving the physical properties of the ceramics to a large extent both at room temperature and high temperature, and thus greatly enhancing the high-temperature corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of the metal ceramics; Adding TiN powder in a certain proportion to ceramics can enhance their strength, toughness, and hardness; By adding nano titanium nitride to TiN/Al2O3 composite nano ceramics and mixing them evenly through various methods such as mechanical mixing, a conductive network is formed inside the ceramic material containing nano titanium nitride particles. This material can be used as an electronic component in the semiconductor industry. 
(6) Adding a certain amount of TiN to magnesia carbon bricks can greatly improve their slag erosion resistance. 
(7) Titanium nitride is an excellent structural material that can be used for jet propulsion and rockets. Titanium nitride alloys are also commonly used in the fields of bearings and sealing rings, highlighting the excellent application effects of titanium nitride. 
(8) Based on the excellent conductivity of titanium nitride, it can be made into various materials such as electrodes and point contacts. 
(9) Titanium nitride has a high superconducting critical temperature and can be used as an excellent superconducting material. 
(10) Titanium nitride has a melting point higher than most transition metal nitrides and a density lower than most metal nitrides, making it a unique refractory material. 
(11) Glass coated with titanium nitride film is a new "thermal mirror material". When the thickness of the film is greater than 90nm, the infrared reflectivity is greater than 75%, which improves the insulation performance of the glass. The color of titanium nitride film can also be adjusted freely. With the decrease of nitrogen content, the film will appear golden, bronze, pink and other colors, which is very beautiful. At present, the demand for titanium nitride powder has sharply increased due to the development of nitrogen-containing metal ceramic tools; Moreover, the development of gold substitute decoration technology is quite fast internationally, and the application of titanium nitride in this field has a very broad prospect. Titanium nitride can be used as a film coating on glass. When the infrared reflectivity is greater than 75% and the thickness of the titanium nitride film is greater than 90nm, it can effectively improve the insulation performance of the glass. In addition, adjusting the percentage of nitrogen element in titanium nitride can change the color of the titanium nitride film, thereby achieving the desired aesthetic effect. Titanium nitride (TiN) is a highly stable compound that does not react with metals such as iron, chromium, calcium, and magnesium at high temperatures. TiN crucibles also do not react with acidic or alkaline slag in CO and N2 atmospheres. Therefore, TiN crucibles are excellent containers for studying the interaction between molten steel and some elements. TiN loses nitrogen when heated in vacuum, producing titanium nitride with lower nitrogen content. 
(12) Titanium nitride film can be used in the field of microelectronics as a conductive barrier layer between active devices and metal contacts. And when the thin film is diffused into metallic silicon, its conductivity (30-70 μ Ω· cm) is sufficient to form a good conductive connection. 
TiN has an attractive golden color, high melting point, high hardness, good chemical stability, low wetting with metals, and high conductivity and superconductivity, 
Can be applied to high-temperature structural materials and superconducting materials. Titanium nitride is a new type of multifunctional metal ceramic material. It has a high melting point, high hardness, and low friction coefficient, making it a good conductor of heat and electricity. Firstly, titanium nitride is an excellent structural material used for high-strength metal ceramic tools, jet thrusters, and rockets. In addition, titanium nitride has a lower coefficient of friction and can be used as a high-temperature lubricant. Titanium nitride alloy can exhibit excellent performance when used as bearings and sealing rings. Titanium nitride has high conductivity and can be used as electrodes, point contacts, thin film resistors, and other materials for molten salt electrolysis. Titanium nitride has a high superconducting critical temperature and is an excellent superconducting material. What is particularly noteworthy is that the titanium nitride coating and its sintered body have a satisfactory golden color, which can be used as a gold substitute decorative material with good imitation gold effect, decorative value, and anti-corrosion properties, extending the life of handicrafts. At present, the demand for titanium nitride powder has sharply increased due to the development of nitrogen-containing metal ceramic tools, and the international development of gold substitute decoration technology is quite fast. The application of titanium nitride in this field has a very broad prospect. Not only is titanium nitride coating cost-effective, but it also outperforms vacuum coating in terms of corrosion resistance, friction resistance, and other properties.